53 research outputs found
Can Large Language Models Find And Fix Vulnerable Software?
In this study, we evaluated the capability of Large Language Models (LLMs),
particularly OpenAI's GPT-4, in detecting software vulnerabilities, comparing
their performance against traditional static code analyzers like Snyk and
Fortify. Our analysis covered numerous repositories, including those from NASA
and the Department of Defense. GPT-4 identified approximately four times the
vulnerabilities than its counterparts. Furthermore, it provided viable fixes
for each vulnerability, demonstrating a low rate of false positives. Our tests
encompassed 129 code samples across eight programming languages, revealing the
highest vulnerabilities in PHP and JavaScript. GPT-4's code corrections led to
a 90% reduction in vulnerabilities, requiring only an 11% increase in code
lines. A critical insight was LLMs' ability to self-audit, suggesting fixes for
their identified vulnerabilities and underscoring their precision. Future
research should explore system-level vulnerabilities and integrate multiple
static code analyzers for a holistic perspective on LLMs' potential
The rotating spectrometer: New biotechnology for cell separations
An instrument for biochemical studies, called the rotating spectrometer, separates previously inseparable cell cultures. The rotating spectrometer is intended for use in pharmacological studies which require fractional splitting of heterogeneous cell cultures based on cell morphology and swimming behavior. As a method to separate and concentrate cells in free solution, the rotating method requires active organism participation and can effectively split the large class of organisms known to form spontaneous patterns. Examples include the biochemical star, an organism called Tetrahymena pyriformis. Following focusing in a rotated frame, the separation is accomplished using different radial dependencies of concentrated algal and protozoan species. The focusing itself appears as concentric rings and arises from the coupling between swimming direction and Coriolis forces. A dense cut is taken at varying radii and extraction is replenished at an inlet. Unlike standard separation and concentrating techniques such as filtration or centrifugation, the instrument is able to separate motile from immotile fractions. For a single pass, typical split efficiencies can reach 200 to 300 percent compared to the inlet concentration
The Multimodal And Modular Ai Chef: Complex Recipe Generation From Imagery
The AI community has embraced multi-sensory or multi-modal approaches to
advance this generation of AI models to resemble expected intelligent
understanding. Combining language and imagery represents a familiar method for
specific tasks like image captioning or generation from descriptions. This
paper compares these monolithic approaches to a lightweight and specialized
method based on employing image models to label objects, then serially
submitting this resulting object list to a large language model (LLM). This use
of multiple Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) enables better than 95%
mean average precision for correct object lists, which serve as input to the
latest Open AI text generator (GPT-4). To demonstrate the API as a modular
alternative, we solve the problem of a user taking a picture of ingredients
available in a refrigerator, then generating novel recipe cards tailored to
complex constraints on cost, preparation time, dietary restrictions, portion
sizes, and multiple meal plans. The research concludes that monolithic
multimodal models currently lack the coherent memory to maintain context and
format for this task and that until recently, the language models like GPT-2/3
struggled to format similar problems without degenerating into repetitive or
non-sensical combinations of ingredients. For the first time, an AI chef or
cook seems not only possible but offers some enhanced capabilities to augment
human recipe libraries in pragmatic ways. The work generates a 100-page recipe
book featuring the thirty top ingredients using over 2000 refrigerator images
as initializing lists
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